Gene transcription, the first step in gene expression, is a finely orchestrated process that converts the information encoded in DNA into a complementary RNA molecule. It begins when RNA polymerase, a specialized enzyme, binds to a specific region of the DNA known as the promoter. This marks the start of the gene to be transcribed. Once bound, RNA polymerase unwinds the DNA double helix, exposing the template strand. It then reads the nucleotide sequence of this strand in a 3’ to 5’ direction, s